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当代文学“历史化”的历史观问题探讨——基于政治和革命的视角
引用本文:吴秀明.当代文学“历史化”的历史观问题探讨——基于政治和革命的视角[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017,3(6):152.
作者姓名:吴秀明
摘    要:当代文学“历史化”是在一定历史观指导下的一种“事后”考察,从20世纪八九十年代的“重评”、“重写”、“重排”之后,在诸多因素的影响下,它现在正面临着一场新的历史重构。其中,最重要也是最具难度的,一是在扬弃了“从属论”、“政治决定论”之后,文学到底应该怎样表达对政治的拒迎;二是在扬弃了阶级斗争理论之后,文学到底应该如何展开对革命的书写。对这一关乎当代文学整体全局的根源性和根本性问题,只有将其置于具体的情境中,揭示历史进程及其内含的历史逻辑,与研究对象形成一种认同与认异并置的平等的对话关系,才有可能实现真正的“历史化”。


The Study of Historical Conception on ″Historization″ of Contemporary Chinese Literature: From Political and Revolutionary Perspectives
Wu Xiuming.The Study of Historical Conception on ″Historization″ of Contemporary Chinese Literature: From Political and Revolutionary Perspectives[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2017,3(6):152.
Authors:Wu Xiuming
Abstract:The ″historization″ of contemporary Chinese literature is a retrospective investigation guided by the historical concept. After the influence of ″Re-evaluation″, ″Rewriting″ and ″Rearranging″ in the 1980s, literary historization now faces a new ″historical reconstruction.″ There are two unavoidable questions that need to be addressed. Firstly, after discarding subordinate theory and political determinism, how does literature (dis)avow its political engagement Secondly, how do we use literature to expatiate revolution, after abandoning the theory of class struggle To answer these questions concerning the originality and fundamentality of contemporary Chinese literature, we need contextualize them in historical process, so that not only can we reveal its historical logic, but also discover unbiased dialogics recognizing its homogeneity and heterogeneity. Furthermore, contemporary Chinese literature shares a ″consanguineous tie″ with politics and revolution. It would depart greatly from this reality, should we seek to depoliticize and de-revolutionize literature in order to safeguard its so-called independence and purity.  For a long time, there has been a conspicuous trend of historical politicization in the field of contemporary Chinese literature. (In)correct political stance once became the sole evaluation criteria for literary studies. Although this situation has changed drastically since 1990s, it was also rendered that the actual practice between literature and politics was more complex and paradoxical. Many scholars often intentionally adopt the ″oppression/resistance″ model for the fear of ″subordinate theory.″ They regard the ″historical romance″ as ″ unreal, pompous, and hollow(Jia Da Kong).″ In this vein, their studies are in danger of historical monism, hence, reaching preordained conclusions. Such endeavors fail to reveal the inherent richness and complexity of contemporary literature. Nor do they allow sufficient space for exercising ″proper utopian″imagination. Revolution has always been another important dimension of ″the historical″ in the development of contemporary Chinese literature. It has always been pedestalled in a ″lofty″ position because of the Chinese historical-cultural reality. To label it as hooligan or terrorist literature by simply using the Western norms of modernity obviously contradicts the Chinese historical context. From the point of literary practice, not all revolutionary narratives are, as we have assumed, the products of conceptualization. Of course, violent revolution is a subset of all violence in historical struggle and social development. Hence, it cannot be expanded conceptually and unendlessly to accommodate its philosophical relevance. Nor shall we deny its demerits concerning the revolutionary second coming. In short, we must face the problems of legitimacy and rationality, while not forgetting negativity and absurdity of the revolutionary narratives.
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