中国视阈中的公正合理国际秩序

中国的国际秩序观是目前学界关注的一个重点问题，厘清中国对国际秩序的构成要素及对各要素之间关系的理解，对全面认识中国的国际秩序观有着重要意义。从国际秩序的构成要素来看，中国视阈中的公正合理国际秩序，本质上是由主权国家、多元文明观、多极化、多边主义和新安全观等要素构成的有内在联系的有机整体。主权国家平等是建立公正合理的国际秩序的基础，承认文明多样性是尊重各国主权平等的逻辑结果。要建立公正合理的国际秩序，各国在国际事务中必须反对霸权主义，推动世界多极化，维护以联合国为中心的多边主义，同时倡导共同、综合、合作和可持续的安全观。为推动全球治理体制朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，中国采取了现实主义和自由主义相结合的政策，即在继承现行国际秩序的某些规则的基础上，推动对其中不公正、不合理的安排的改革。中国既是现有国际秩序的积极参与者、维护者，又是现有国际秩序的改革者、公正合理的国际秩序的塑造者。

The Equitable and Reasonable International Order in China's Vision

In recent years, China's conception of international order has been a hot topic among scholars at home and abroad. However, few scholars have systematically looked into China's knowledge of the component elements of an equitable and reasonable international order as well as the interrelation among them. In fact, for an all-round understanding of China's conception of international order, it is of great significance to clarify how China understands the component elements and the interrelation among them in such an order. Since the reform and opening up, China has always expressed her expectation and pursuit of an equitable and reasonable international order either in government published political documents or her leaders' important speeches. Essentially, an equitable and reasonable international order in China's vision is an intrinsic unity consisted of such components as sovereign states, pluralistic civilization views, multi-polarization, multilateralism, new security concepts and so on. Sovereign states are the foundation of an equitable and reasonable international order, and respect for sovereign equality is an essential guiding principle for building up an equitable and reasonable international order. The reason for this is that sovereign equality is one of the important principles of international law, not only the most important norms regulating mutual relations among states, but also the fundamental guarantee for equal coexistence among nations, big or small, in international society. While accepting the diversity of civilizations is the logical result of respecting sovereign equality, for respecting sovereign equality means every country has equal rights and duties, and is free to choose its own social system and development road, regardless of economic, social, political or other differences. Promoting multi-polarization is not only a prerequisite to maintaining sovereignty independence and the basic principles of international law, but also an important way to weaken and control U.S. hegemonism, promote democratization of international relations and build up an equitable and reasonable new international political and economic order. To participate in multilateralism is not only beneficial for promoting multi-polarization and democratization of international relations, but also helpful in enhancing China's international image as a responsible country, and promoting the reform of the existing international order towards building up an equitable and reasonable one. Advocating new security concept not only embodies respecting the rights for each state to equally engage in international and regional security matters, but being helpful in strengthening mutual trust between countries and common security, an important way to promote establishing a harmonious world. In order to lead global governance system towards a more equitable and reasonable direction, China has adopted policies of combining realism with liberalism. On one hand, China has actively integrated into the existing international order and participated in most of its international institutions since the reform and opening up. On the other hand, to improve global governance capability, China has made efforts to promote the reform of the unjust and unreasonable arrangements in the existing order, and tried to build up new international systems in the fields ignored by the existing international systems or beyond the governance of such systems. Therefore, China is not only an active participant and maintainer in today's international order, but also a reformer of the existing international order as well as a founder of an equitable and reasonable international order.