传承与传承人论

非物质文化遗产的进化是靠传承而延续。联合国教科文组织《公约》对非物遗产所下的定义强调的是“世代相传”和在社区、群体中“被不断地再创造”并有“持续的认同感”,与我国学界传统上理解的民俗(民间文化)强调其作者和传承者的身份有所差异。传承大致有四种方式:群体传承;家庭(或家族)传承;社会传承;神授传承。传承人主要现身于口头文学、表演艺术、手工技艺、民间知识等领域。对杰出传承人的调查和认定,传承人的权益和管理,是21世纪初正在进行的全国非物质文化遗产普查中遇到的亟待解决的问题。

On the Inheritance and Inheritor

The evolution of the intangible cultural heritage depends on inheritance and development.The definition of the intangible cultural heritage emphasis on the inheritance for generations and recreation and acceptation constantly in groups and community,which defined by United Nations Educational Science Culture Organization Treaty.The definition is different from the traditional folk custom(folk culture) in our research circle,which emphasis on the status of author and inheritor.Four styles to inherit as followed: group inheritance,family inheritance,society inheritance and God inheritance.Inheritors appear mainly in the realm of oral literature,performance art,handwork technique,folk knowledge and so on.The investigation,confirmation and management to the inheritor are the problems urgently to solve in China intangible cultural heritage general investigation in 21st century.