南宋两浙地区农村家庭经济探析

南宋时期,随着农村市场的快速成长和社会经济的高涨,两浙地区的农村家庭经济发生不少变化,呈现出一些新的发展趋向和特点.一方面,家庭的生活性消费和生产性消费越来越由传统的自产自给走向市场供应;另一方面,家庭生产的专业化现象日益增多,出现了一批专门从事农副业、手工业生产和服务业的专业户.与此同时,家庭副业普遍向具有商品生产性质的"兼业"形态转变.这些变化虽尚未达到从根本上改变农村经济基本结构的程度,但从中反映出以自给自足为特征的小农经济开始朝着市场化、商品化的方向发展.

On Rural Family Economy of Liangzhe Area in Southern Song Dynasty

During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), with the booming economy as well as the rising rural markets, the family economy in the countryside of the Liangzhe area (covering today's Zhejiang, Shanghai and southern Jiangsu) witnessed great changes, showing some new directions and features of development. On the one hand, both the individual household consumption and the productive consumption were evolving from the traditional self-sufficiency to the market-supply mode. On the other, family production was increasingly specialized, with some professional households that engaged in farming and its sideline industries, handicraft production, and the service industry. At the same time, household sidelines were generally transferred to the "bi-industry" mode characterized by commodity production. While these changes failed to shake the fundamental structure of rural economy, they indicated that the then small-scale peasant economy, featured by self-sufficiency, started to move towards marketization and commercialization.