论人身危险性在刑法中的定位——兼论社会危害性的解构

人身危险性在刑法理论中的定位,有量刑根据说、刑事责任根据说、定罪根据说和犯罪本质特征说的争论.社会危害性有一个内部层次结构问题,在纵向方面,分为事实层面和价值评价层面,即自然属性层面和社会属性层面;在横向方面,由客观实害性和人身危险性两部分组成.在社会危害性理论的前提下,应将人身危险性定位为社会危害性的组成部分.人身危险性的这一定位,既解决了刑法理论中的"脱节点"问题,又为报应与预防之刑的统一找到了合理结合点.

How Dangerousness of the Person Is Defined in the Criminal Law: Concurrently on Deconstruction of Social Harmfulness

The defining of "dangerousness of the person" is perhaps one of the most controversial areas in the theory of criminal law,there being mainly four theories in this regard,based respectively on measurement of penalty,criminal liability,conviction,and essential characteristics of crime.As to "social harmfulness",there is a hierarchical structure within it: on one hand,it can be divided into factual harmfulness(in terms of the natural quality) and deemed harmfulness(in terms of the social property);on the other,it comprises actual damage and dangerousness of the person.According to the social harmfulness theory,dangerousness of the person should be defined as a component of social harmfulness,as this will help bridge the "chasms" in the theory of criminal law and reconcile the retributive punishment with the preventive punishment.