怎样看待文艺的意识形态属性——兼评“审美意识形态”说

文艺与意识形态的关系已争论多年.正确理解马克思的"意识形态"概念是问题的关键.应该承认文艺有意识形态因素,并能生产出意识形态来,但不能把文艺的本质界定为意识形态.文艺在社会结构中是处于"社会意识形式"的位置,它能产生意识形态功能.西方马克思主义理论家也多是持这样的见解的."审美意识形态"的概念是含糊的、难以成立的.文艺"审美意识形态"论的错误,在于它把丰富的规定狭窄化,用抽象的"审美"消解了文艺的意识形态作用.科学的道路是恢复马克思文艺意识形态学说的本来面貌.

How to Understand Literary Ideology: Concurrently on the Theory of "Aesthetical Ideology"

The debate on the relationship between literature and ideology has lasted many years,and a correct understanding of the Marxist concept of "ideology" is key to the issue.While it should be admitted that literature involves and even gives rise to ideology,the latter cannot be defined as the essence of the former.Literature in the social hierarchy is usually in a position of the "social consciousness form" that may yield ideology,as is shared by most of the western Marxist theoreticians.Thus the concept of "aesthetical ideology" is obscure and difficult to hold water,and the mistake of this literary theory lies in its rigidity in adhering to the flexible principles,thereby minimizing the role of literature in establishing aesthetics by means of an abstract "aesthetics".A correct and scientific way is,therefore,to resume what is advocated by the Marxist theory on literary ideology.