地域理学谱系的生成机制及检讨——以宋儒范浚“婺学开宗”形成为中心的考察

范浚的《心箴》在南宋除受朱熹赏识外,其他罕有所及,吕祖谦甚至对此颇为不屑;元人视阈中的范浚以“文学”而非“道学”显;范浚在明清被塑成理学家,还一跃为“婺学开宗”,归因于婺学传统重建、王学冲击、嘉靖帝御注《心箴》等力量的助推。若以思想史论衡,范浚之学近乎朱、陆,与吕祖谦、陈亮的经制事功有别,亦未能开宗立派,故实难当“婺学开宗”之名。地域理学谱系的生成机制以及理学乡贤能否进入这一谱系,不独取决于个人学说的殊胜性,还受到学派门户之争、政治权力、现实关怀等诸多非思想因素的干预,后者严重削弱了学术史的真实。地域理学文献及理学谱系不足以作为地方学术史研究的最终依据。

Generative Mechanism of the Geo-Genealogy of Neo-Confucianism and Its Testing： A Case Study of How Fan Jun Becomes ＂Originator of the Wu School＂

Fan Jun＇ s er scholars but Zhu Xi （11 Lu Zuqian （ 1137 - 1181 ）. （ 1102 - 1150） Xin Zhen （Proverbs on the Mind） is a work appreciated by few oth- 30 -1200） in the Southern Song Dynasty （1127 -1279）, and is even scorned by To scholars of the Yuan Dynasty （1279 -1368）, Fan is a ＂man of letters＂ rather than a ＂Confucian＂. His being regarded as an important figure of Neo-Confucianism and even as ＂originator of the Wu School＂ later during the Ming （1368 -1644） and the Qing （1644 -1911 ） dynasties is attributed to such factors as the resurrection of the traditional Wu Studies, the impact of the studies on Wang Yangming （ 1472 - 1529）, and Emperor Jiajing＇ s （ 1507 - 1567） annotations and commentaries on Fan＇ s Xin Zhen. As far as the academic history of China is concerned, however, Fan＇ s thoughts are similar to those of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan （ 1139 - 1193） and different from the pragmatism of Lti and Chen Liang （ 1143 - 1194） ; having never founded any academic school whatsoever, he does not deserve the title of ＂originator of the Wu School＂. Under such a generative mechanism of geo-genealogy of Neo-Confucianism, whether a scholar is accepted in the genealogy depends not only on his academic achievements, but on numerous non-academic factors, including conflicts among different schools, political interventions and realistic concerns, which seriously undermine the objectiveness of academic history. The literature and genealogy of Neo-Confucianism based on geography are, therefore, inadequate evidence for studies of local academic history.