20世纪晚期中国乡村治理的改革与变迁

本文旨在回顾和描述20世纪晚期中国乡村治理体系的改革进程,探讨改革的原因、动力、特点及其发展走向,分析改革的成效和存在的问题,为当前正在进行的乡村治理体制改革提供参考.作者认为,20世纪晚期中国乡村治理体系改革主要致力于农村基层党、政、企、村组织的分权,乡村治理组织体系及其合法性的重建.这一改革是一种"支助型"的制度变迁过程,但是,"分权"与"重建"任务并没有完成,这不仅依然是新世纪乡村治理体制改革的任务,也构成新时期乡村改革的困难.

China's Grassroots Ruling System in Rural Areas in Late 20th Century: Reforms and Transition

This paper addresses the reforms and transition of China's grassroots ruling system in rural areas during the late 20th century,probing into the causes,dynamics,features and orientations of the reforms,and analyzing their effectiveness as well as their problems,so as to provide referential suggestions for the ongoing institutional reform undertaken in the rural ruling system.The author holds that the reforms conducted in the late 20th century was concentrated on the separation of power among rural grassroots organizations and institutions,including the party,the government,the business and the village,and on the reconstruction of the ruling system and its legality.As they are,according to the author,a process of "sponsored" institutional change,the goals of "separating power" and "reconstructing" were not achieved,which are not only yet-to-be-fulfilled tasks but also hard nuts to crack for the new-century reforms in this regard.