不完全竞争市场结构下贸易的环境效应作用机理分析

全球性资源危机、环境污染和生态破坏使国际贸易和环境保护之间矛盾重重。通过将污染外部性融合到新贸易框架中,建立模型解释了当经济体为不完全竞争市场结构且存在规模经济的情形下,污染密集型产品的产业内贸易对环境的影响。将污染密集型产品的生产和贸易对环境的影响分为规模效应、技术效应和选择效应,这三个效应的程度和方向共同决定环境质量。另外,阐述了环境税强度变化所带来的影响,认为更严格的环境税赋并非必然导致排污水平下降,但明显提高产品价格,降低消费水平,带来福利损失。

An Analysis on the Mechnaism of the Environmental Effects of Intra-industry Trade in Monopolistic Competition

Global resource crisis,environmental pollution and ecological destruction make contradictions between international trade and environmental protection.By integrating pollution externalities into the framework of the new trade theory,this paper develops a model to examine the environmental impact of international trade when the economy is monopolistic competition market and the presence of economies of scale.The analysis delineates environmental effects of pollution intensive production into three types,namely the scale effects,technique effects and selection effects.The extent and direction of three effects together determine environmental quality.This paper also explores the structural link between environmental regulation and economic variables and argues that more stringent environmental tax does not necessarily induce a decline of pollution,but obviously raises product prices,reduces consumption and brings welfare loss.