积极行动的法哲学思索——以美国为例

为了提高少数种族和妇女等社会弱势群体在公共和职业生活的参与程度,许多国家规定了积极行动政策,但这一政策引发了政治上和司法上的激烈争论。对积极行动的争议反映出若干理论之间的对立,主要有形式平等与实质平等理论、群体权利与个人权利理论之间的对立,这种情形在美国得到了鲜明地体现。我国积极行动面临的问题与美国不尽相同,但在实施过程中同样需要妥善处理形式平等与实质平等、群体权利与个人权利之间的关系。

A Jurisprudential Thinking on Affirmative Action——taking that of America as an example

In order to enhance the participation degree of some weak groups in society such as the minority and women in public and professional life,affirmative action policy has been introduced in many countries,but its implementation has evoked hot political and judicial debate,which reflects the confrontation of some notions,such as formal versus substantive equality,individual right versus group rights,as seen in America.The problem of affirmative action in China is not the same as that in America,but we should a...