农村居民的社会分化及社会整合的政策调适

改革开放以来,我国农村居民在职业等方面发生了很大的社会分化,但由于种种因素的制约, 这种分化表现出不彻底性等特点。当前分化的主要趋势和问题包括农村居民收入差距将进一步拉大、分化与 阶层边界固定化并存、各阶层间矛盾冲突增多和分化中不公正性严重等。在促进农村社会整合的政策选择 上,当前应突出几个重点:建立公正、合理、开放的社会流动机制和社会阶层结构,以城市化拓展农村居民的生 存、发展空间,将发展教育作为促进农村社会整合的策略,保障社会分化过程中出现的农村弱势群体。

The Differentiation of Rural Residents and Adjusting Policies of Social Integration

Since reform and opening-up, obvious social differentiation has happened in such aspects as jobs and incomes to rural residents of China. Because of the restriction of many factors, this kind of differentiation demonstrates characteristics of incompleteness. The trends and issues of the differentiation mainly include the following aspects: the rural residents' income gap will widen further, the differentiating will coexist with the fixing of stratum border, the contradiction and conflict between different stratums will increase, and serious inequity follows the process of the differentiation. At present, on choosing the policy of promoting rural social integration, the state should stress several focal points: setting up just, rational, and open mechanism of social mobility and social stratum structure, expanding the surviving and developing space for rural residents with the urbanization, improving rural education as a strategy of promoting the integration of rural society, protecting and ensuring the rural vulnerable groups in the course of differentiation.