以人为本的生命价值理念

每个人都拥有生命权,它是人权理念的最高体现。利益可分为个人利益与集体利益。由于利益损失可事后进行补救或赔偿,故在特定情况下为了集体利益而暂时牺牲某些个人利益,是完全合理的。但生命则不同,人的生命是惟一性的、一次性的、不可逆的,生命的代价是无可补救的。对于任何人来讲,自己的生命价值都是无限的大。正是在这个意义上,个体的生命价值具有终极性。在生命价值之间,没有可比性,因此不能说多数人的生命高于或贵于少数人的生命。这就决定了即便是为了营救更多的人,也不得主动故意地杀死少数无辜的人及危险共同体中的个别人;同时也决定了在遇到生命权的冲突时,社会既应允许当事人做出自我牺牲,也应允许拒绝这种牺牲,实施自救。这就是站在以人为本之基点上的有关生命价值终极性的道德论证。

The Humanistic Idea of the Value of Life

Everyone has the right of life and this right is the most important embodiment of the idea of human right. Each life is sole and irreversible, the loss of the life cannot be remedied. It is impossible to make a comparison between the value of one life and the value of another. Therefore we cannot say that the life of the majority is more valuable than the life of the minority. That is the reason why it is not allowed to kill a few of innocent persons intentionally, even if this kill aims at saving the majority of the people in a community of risk. Everyone is allowed to make a self-sacrifice, when his life-right conflicts with the life-right of others; but he is also permitted to refuse making such self-sacrifice and he is even permitted to take measures to save himself. This moral argumentation about the absoluteness of the value of the human life is based exactly on the idea of humanism.