美国宪法中的政教关系原则及实践

美国宪法第一修正案对政教关系的基本原则做出了明确规定,这就是所谓的"设立条款"与"自由实践条款",两者相互制衡,对美国政教关系的发展产生了决定性影响,形成了现代世界最典型的政教分离体制。在实践过程中,美国逐步出现了"分离论"与"调和论"两大流派。"9·11"之后,调和论似乎占据了上风。

The Church and State Relationship in American Constitution: The Principle and Practice

The key principle of the relationship between church and state has been clearly stipulated in the First Amendment of the Constitution of the USA. The so-called "establishing clause" and "free exercise clause" condition each other and have decisive influence on the development of the history of politics and religions in the USA, hence the most typical separation system of church and state has been formed in the modern world. In the practice, the two sects of "separationism" and "accommodationism" have appeared gradually. After September 11, the accommendationism seems to gain the advantage over the separationism.