美国慈善意识的文化因素及启示

美国慈善事业是全球慈善事业的楷模和领头军，我们对美国慈善事业的关注大多集中于慈善家、慈善捐款等物质因素，而对其慈善意识的关注相对较少。美国人的慈善意识源于基督教的慈善观念，历经了边疆个人主义和实用主义对极端个人主义的修正，平等主义和自由主义的补充，经过卡耐基等人的理论总结，通过美国新政的实践，逐渐地得到了完善。美国慈善事业的发展过程给我们许多启示，对发展我国的慈善事业不无借鉴意义：应该吸收基督教的有益成分，对极端个人主义进行调节，树立正确的财富观。

Cultural Factors of the American Charity Awareness and Their Revelations

As is known to all, America is the leader of charities, and we have paid too much attention to its philanthropists, its donations and so on, but we care less about its charity awareness. The American charity awareness can be dated back to the rules of the Christianity, and it became mature through the up- dating of the individualism which was changed by the frontier individualism, the pragmatism, the equali- tarianism, the liberalism, the theoretical summarization of Andrew Carnegie. and the practice of the New Deal. There are many revelations in the development of American philanthropy and we can learn a lot from its experience. We should learn something useful from Christianity, and we also ought to limit extreme in- dividualism and have correct viewpoints about wealth as well.