中西诗歌翻译的改写与诗体移植

《天演论》的译者严复提出"信达雅"历经百余年,文学翻译评论家成仿吾提出了诗歌翻译的两种方法,以庞德为代表的中国古诗词英译实践,以卞之琳为代表的英诗汉译,都在不同层面上追求忠实于原文。优秀的创造性翻译(改写)的汉诗英译,从一种全新的角度巧妙地传达了原诗的神采,并影响了美国诗歌创作;以似致信的英诗汉译法,忠实地再现原诗格律形式与意义,发挥汉字在诗歌表达上所具有的意象和音律上的优势。中西译诗的成功案例均展现了原诗精髓:以诗译诗,气韵神采,跃然纸上。

Rewriting in Translating Poetry and Transplanting of Verse Forms

Yan Fu who translated On Evolution into Chinese,laid down three desiderata for translation,namely,"faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance".More than a century later,Cheng Fangwu,a critic of literary translations,set two approaches to poetry translation.Translations from ancient Chinese poetry into English of which Ezra Pond was representative and translations English poetry into Chinese of which Bian Zhilin was representative,reflect the pursuit of faithfulness to the original poetry from different strata.Outstanding translations from Chinese poetry into English that are creatively translated by employing rewriting strategy are able to express the spirits of the source poetry in a novel manner.Moreover,this strategy has influenced poetry writing in the U.S.A.As far as translations from English poetry into Chinese are concerned,the strategy of "similarity for faithfulness" can transfer poetic rhythms and sense of the source texts,by giving full play to the advantages of Chinese language,i.e.images and sounds of Chinese characters.The essence of source texts is displayed in the successful translations from Chinese poetry into English and from English poetry into Chinese.Thus,the spirits and rhythms of the original poetry are able to be reproduced by translating poetry into poetic forms.