醉驾型危险驾驶罪的量刑问题研究

《刑法修正案(八)》增设危险驾驶罪,将醉酒驾驶行为纳入刑法规制范畴,有效实现了刑法的法益保护机能和预防犯罪机能的功效。但是,对于该罪的量刑,立法及司法均缺乏足够重视,各地法院在量刑中的问题逐渐浮现。以江苏省法院网公布的三百份裁判文书为蓝本研究发现,该罪在量刑中存在诸如对缓刑、免刑乃至出罪的过度谨慎、对量刑情节考量的过于片面、各地法院量刑标准差异过大等现象,反映该罪量刑的不规范、不均衡。此种量刑现状引发的社会效应也是双重性的,一方面建立了醉酒驾驶行为刑法制约和诱导机制,同时又带来诸多弊端,呈现出优势与困境并存的局面。从罪状设计缺少限制性、法定刑配置不具有阶梯型、统一量刑标准缺失等多个角度解构其成因,并力图围绕着各种量刑困惑和社会成因,从血液酒精浓度标准的法律完善、醉驾行为社会风险的分级处理、从轻处罚情节标准的严格设定三个方面,思考解决该罪量刑问题的方案,可期待促使该罪的量刑步入法制的正轨,真正震慑酒驾行为。

Research of Sentencing Drunk Driving as a Type of Dangerous Driving Crime

The crime of dangerous driving is added to The Eighth Criminal Law Amendment, which brings drunk driving be haviors into the scope of criminal law, protecting the legal interest and preventing crimes. However, scant attention from leg islative authorities and judicial authorities paid to the sentencing of this crime has caused some problems in local courts. The study based on 300 judgment documents released by Jiangsu Provincial Court shows that some problems arise, such as, execs sive caution about probation, pardon or crime, inadequate consideration of circumstances for sentencing, dramatic differences in sentencing standards among different courts. It shows that the sentencing of this crime is neither standard nor balanced. The social consequences caused by such a situation are twofold. On the one hand, criminal law restricting and induction mech anism are built for drunken driving behaviors, and this brings about some problems, on the other hand. The underlying rea sons are examined from the following aspects： unrestricted crime design, lack of step-type statutory penalty allocation, want of unification of sentencing standard. Focusing on confusion about sentencing and social contributing factor, this paper aims to solve the crime sentencing problem from three perspectives： improving the legal standard for testing blood alcohol concentra tion, classified treatment of social risks of drunk drinking behaviors, and rigorous establishment of standard for light punish ments. It is hooed that the sentencing： of this crime will be legal and exercise the real legal deterrent effect.