无产者何以联合？——关于无产阶级革命动机问题的思考

无产阶级革命动机问题是马克思无产阶级革命理论的重要组成部分。按功利主义的逻辑，无产阶级革命是出于每个人欲望的满足抑或利益的实现；按义务论的逻辑，无产阶级革命则是基于每个不同个人的共同的善的表征。功利主义和义务论的出发点都是抽象化的个人，马克思语义中的个人则是现实的个人，这不是欲望或者善的集合体，而是植根于资本主义社会物质生产中的个人。“全世界无产者联合起来”的基础既不是出于利益实现，也不是出于道义考量，而是资本主义社会中生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的结果。

How Can the Proletarians Unite: the Proletarian Revolutionary Motivation

The problem of the motivation of the proletarian revolution is an important part of Marx’s theory of proletarian revolution. According to the logic of utilitarianism, the proletarian revolution is based on the satisfaction of everyone’s desires or the realization of interests. According to the logic of deontology, the proletarian revolution is based on the common goodness of each individual. The starting points of utilitarianism and deontology are abstract individuals, while individuals in Marxism are actual individuals, which is not the aggregation of desire or good, but the individual rooted in the material production of capitalist society. The basis of “the proletarians of the world unite” is neither the realization of interests nor the moral considerations, but the result of the contradictory movement between productivity and production relations in capitalist society