赛制、场地与外援变动对CBA联赛球队竞技表现的影响

赛制、场地与运动员变动是影响球队竞技表现的重要因素。受2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情影响，中国男子篮球职业联赛经历停赛与复赛，采用了空场赛会制形式完赛。基于CBA联赛2018-2020赛季共计1940场比赛，与进攻、防守、整体表现相关的3大类共计18项竞技表现指标的数据分析，考察主客场赛制和空场赛会制的球队竞技表现变动情况，得出以下结论:（1）进攻相关的多项指标对得分呈现显著的正向影响，但这些指标并未受到外援、赛制与阶段变化的影响，同时，进攻指标和外援变动对失分会有正向影响，而防守指标和阶段变化则会对失分产生负向影响；（2）包含大量空场赛会制比赛的2019-2020赛季中，各球队出现显著的进攻表现下降与防守表现提升，常规赛阶段表现呈现趋同趋势；（3）不同赛制下的季后赛竞技表现差异指标较少。外援与阶段的变化、主场优势缺失等因素，可能导致球队整体竞技表现变动。季后赛阶段中，各队整体实力更为均衡、且普遍使用有针对性的防守战术，导致竞技表现差异较小。

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The system, the foreign player, and the stage of competition play a significant role in a team’s overall performance. Under the hit of COVID-19 in 2020, the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) was firstly suspended and then resumed under the condition of empty arena. Based on the total 1940 games of CBA in the 2018-2000 season, the study examines the team performance without audience and in the home-and-away system. It analyzes the 18 performance indicators of offence, defense and overall performance and has therefrom drawn the following conclusions: 1) Several factors related to offense show a significant positive impact on scoring, while such factors as player change, competition system and stages do not exert any impact. In addition, offensive indicators and changes of players have a positive impact on points allowed, while defensive indicators and stage changes exert an opposite impact; 2) in the 2019-2020 season, when a large number of games were held without audience, teams showed significant decreases in offensive performance while increases in defensive performance, and convergence in the regular season; 3) under different competition systems, fewer differences in performance indicators are found in playoffs. The changes of players and competition stages as well as the loss of home advantage may account for the variations of overall performance. And the fact that teams demonstrated more balanced overall strength and tended to adopt extra defensive tactics in playoffs may contribute to the fewer differences in their performance.