章学诚对清初浙东学派思想的继承和发展管窥

章学诚对清初浙东学派思想的继承和发展管窥方祖猷章学诚在其《原道》篇里继承了黄宗羲唯物主义道器论的观点,进而从道和器的质的规定性、道因器而显及六经皆器等三方面予以发展,章氏又继承了黄宗羲和万斯同史学经世的现点,并从通器论、经的本义和经世必须联系当代三点,对史学经世作了初步的理论分析。在史德上,章氏从万斯同史家必须“平心”的思想基础上,明确地提出了“史德”的概念,并从治史的原则、治史的困难和治史的主现要求三方面对史德问题作了透彻的分析。由此可知,章学诚是清初浙东史学在理论上的集大成者。不过,由于世迁时移,他的史学思想与其前辈相比,也有较大的差异。

A DISCUSSION OF ZHANG XUECHENG'SFOLLOWING AND DEVELOPING EASTERN ZHEJIANG SCHOOL IN THE EARLY QIN DYNASTY

In his book "The Original Way", Zhang Xuecheng followed the materialist idea about the relationship between Way and Ability, advanced by Huang Zhongxi, and developed it in terms of the definition of the quality of Way and Ability the reflection of Way through Ability and six nerves being all Ability. Zhang also followed Huang and Wang Sitong's opinion about how to study historical classic works and made a tentative theoretical analysis of the way to study historical classic works from three perspectives: the relationship between Way and Ability, the original meaning of classic works and the association of the study of classic works with the present situation. In the study of how to interpret history, Zhang,based on Wan's conception that historians must be impartial, put foward a clear idea in "Morality Guiding the Study of History" and made a thorough analysis of history-studying morality from three lights: the principle, the problems and the subjective requirement in history study. It is, therefore, obvious that Zhang was an agglomerating scholar in the theory of history study in Eastern Zhejiang in the early Qin Dynasty. However, the difference in age found its expression in the substantial difference between his philosophy of history study and his predecessors'.