医疗领域人工智能的应用、风险及对策

在医疗领域，人工智能被广泛地应用于临床诊断、医学治疗、医疗康复、疾病预测和医学研究等多个方面，但由于人工智能技术发生错误，致使患者合法权益受损的事例时有发生，因此医疗人工智能的应用面临多种风险。如医疗人工智能法律主体资格尚未明确；不良后果发生时法律责任认定存在争议；存在数据偏见和歧视，数据公平难以保障；数据隐私和个人信息保护力度不足；立法监管制度不够健全；缺乏医疗人工智能相关人才。面对这些风险，有必要明确界定医疗人工智能法律地位、明确划分人工智能医疗事故责任承担方式、选择适当数据样本及研发者以规避偏见、尽快出台个人信息保护法、完善人工智能相关立法加强全流程监管以及大力培养医疗人工智能相关人才，以促进医疗人工智能技术健康快速发展。

Application,Risks and Countermeasures of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Field

Artificial intelligence is widely used in clinical diagnosis, medical treatment, medical rehabilitation, disease prediction, and medical research in the medical field. However, due to errors in artificial intelligence technology, cases that damage the legitimate rights and interests of patients have occurred from time to time. Therefore, the application of medical artificial intelligence faces many risks. For example, the legal subject qualifications of medical artificial intelligence are not yet clear; controversies occur in the determination of legal liability when there are adverse consequences; there exist data bias and discrimination, and data fairness is difficult to guarantee; data privacy and personal information protection are insufficient; the legislative supervision system is not perfect; and medical artificial intelligence talents are not enough. In the face of these risks, it is necessary to define clearly the legal status of medical artificial intelligence, specify the responsibility of artificial intelligence medical accidents, select appropriate data samples and R&D staff to avoid prejudice, promulgate personal information protection laws as soon as possible, improve artificial intelligence-related legislation, strengthen comprehensive process supervision, and vigorously cultivate medical artificial intelligence talents, so as to promote the healthy and rapid development of medical artificial intelligence technology.