我国药品零售企业人力资源逆向选择及风险规避

在药品流通领域,执业药师的＂良＂与其他经资格认证的药学技术人员的＂相对劣或者不确定的良＂,以及一些鱼目混珠的从业人员（营业员）的＂确定劣＂的博弈一直在进行,在执业药师与一般药学技术人员和营业员的竞争中,出现了明显的＂劣币驱赶良币＂现象。其原因主要是药品零售企业人力资源市场上存在＂准入水平＂的＂质＂的不同,但对不同质的人员却采用相同的价值评价标准,执业药师的药学服务和健康收益的价值被忽视。加上信息不对称的存在和法律刚性规定的不足,最终导致逆向选择的发生,出现执业药师被一般药学技术人员所淘汰的不正常现象,并将导致整个药品零售领域从事药学服务工作的人员所代表的实际能力普遍低于岗位本身的素质需要。建议在新医改实施过程中,应加大执业药师制度宣传,尽快为执业药师立法,重构药学技术人员价值评价体系和激励机制,通过规制政策淘汰一些不合要求的从业人员和企业,并让执业准入的执业药师为保障公众用药的安全和有效发挥其应有的作用。

Adverse Selection and Risk Mitigation of Human Resources of China's Drug Retailers

In the drug circulation sector,the game among the ＂Good＂ of licensed pharmacists,the ＂Relative Bad or Uncertain Good＂ of other qualified pharmacy technicians and the ＂Certain Bad＂ of some camouflaged practitioners（Salespersons） has been underway all along.The phenomenon of ＂Bad Money Driving out Good Money＂ has obviously appeared in the competition among the licensed pharmacists,the general pharmacy technicians and the salespersons.The main reason thereof is that,the ＂Access Levels＂ and ＂Qualities＂ existing in the human resource market of drug retailers are different,but the value evaluation criteria against personnel with different qualities are the same,thus,the value of the pharmacy service and health gains of licensed pharmacists has been ignored.In addition,the existence of information asymmetry and deficiency of rigid requirement of laws finally lead to the occurrence of adverse selection and the abnormal phenomenon that the licensed pharmacists are eliminated by the general pharmacy technicians,and as a consequence,the actual capability represented by the personnel who are engaged in the pharmacy services in the whole drug retailing sector will be lower than the quality of the post it needs per se.In the course of the implementation of the new medical system reform,it is suggested to publicize licensed pharmacists system,legislate for the licensed pharmacists as soon as possible,restructure the value evaluation system and inspiration system of pharmacy technicians,eliminate a number of non-conforming practitioners and companies through regulated policies and make the licensed pharmacists who are licensed to practise play its due role in the security of safety and effectiveness of public’s use of drugs.