金融强国目标下数字金融平台算法黑箱的系统治理机制

在金融强国目标与人工智能技术的驱动下,数字金融平台快速兴起并将算法技术深度应用于传统金融行业。数字金融平台是数字金融与平台经济的融合产物,其通过输出技术或提供场景与金融机构开展合作活动,具有天然的技术偏好与金融属性,有效促进金融产品与服务的数字化与普惠性。然而,任何事物都具有双面性,不是非此即彼的结果,而是利弊同在的产物。通过采用案例分析方法发现,算法技术深度应用于数字金融平台总是存在着一定的误差或测不准(算法黑箱),具有不同于传统企业的太大不能倒、太多不能倒、太强不能倒的系统性风险特征,并在三方系统(平台端、用户端与监管端)形成了算法黑箱风险:算法黑箱具有平台迷雾风险,阻碍平台端的稳定发展；算法黑箱具有技术遮蔽风险,加剧用户端的风险缺陷；算法黑箱具有监管真空风险,制约监管端的公权治理。因此,为实现金融强国的目标,防范化解数字金融平台算法黑箱的系统性风险,基于三方控制理论与国际算法黑箱风险的系统治理经验,我国应当从三方系统(平台端、用户端、监管端)构建数字金融平台算法黑箱的系统治理机制。

The System Governance Mechanism of Algorithm Black Box in Digital Financial Platforms under the Goal of Financial Power

Driven by the goal of becoming a financial power and artificial intelligence technology, digital financial platforms have rapidly emerged and deeply applied algorithm technology to the traditional financial industry. As a fusion product of digital financial and platform economy, the digital financial platform engages in collaborative activities with financial institutions by exporting technology or providing scenarios, and has natural technological preferences and financial attributes, so it effectively promotes the digitalization and inclusiveness of financial products and services. However, everything has two sides, not the result of either one or the other, but the product of both advantages and disadvantages. Through the use of case analysis methods, it is found that when algorithm technology is deeply applied to digital financial platforms, there is always a certain degree of error or uncertainty (algorithmic black box), which has systemic risk characteristics different from traditional enterprises, such as being too big to fail, too much to fail, and too strong to fail. In addition, algorithmic black box risk is formed in the third-party systems (platform side, user side, and regulatory side), including the risk of platform fog which hinders the stable development of the platform end, technical masking risk which aggravates risk defects in the user end, and regulatory vacuum risk which constrains the governance of public authority at the regulatory end. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of becoming a financial power and prevent and resolve the systemic risks of the algorithm black box in digital financial platforms, based on the theory of tripartite control and the system governance experience of international algorithmic black box risk, China should build a system governance mechanism for the algorithm black box in digital financial platforms from the tripartite system (platform, user, and regulatory end).