贸易开放和产业结构对城乡收入差距的影响研究

运用1995—2014年31个省（市）的样本数据研究贸易开放、产业结构对城乡收入差距的影响。实证结果表明：一方面，贸易开放与城乡收入差距存在负相关，产业结构优化是促进城乡收入差距扩大的积极因素；贸易开放与产业结构优化的交互项是影响城乡收入差距的负向因素；受教育程度、失业率、金融发展水平是促进城乡收入差距扩大的积极因素;外商直接投资和经济发展水平缩小城乡收入差距。另一方面，通过东部、中部和西部的对比研究显示，东部地区贸易开放水平的提高促进收入差距的扩大，中部和西部地区的贸易开放有利于缩小收入差距，东部和中部地区的产业结构优化与收入差距负相关，西部地区产业结构优化水平的提升将扩大城乡收入差距。

Trade Openness, Industrial Structure and Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas

Based on the sample data of 31provinces of China from 1995 to 2014, this paper analyzes the relation among trade openness, industrial structure and income gap. The empirical result shows that there is a negative correlation between trade openness and income gap. Industrial structure optimization is the positive factor which expands income gap between urban areas and rural areas. The interaction term of trade openness and industrial structure optimization is the negative factor. Industrial structure optimization is influential to the effect of trade openness on income gap. Education level, unemployment rate and the level of financial development are positive factors which promote urban rural income gap. The rising foreign direct investment and economic development level may narrow income gap. According to the sample data of eastern, central and western regions, eastern region''s openness promotes income gap. The trade openness of central region and western region is helpful to narrow the income gap. There is a negative correlation between industrial structure optimization and income gap in eastern region and central region. And industrial structure optimization in western region expands income gap.