清代蒙古族学堂教育及其语言教育

从 2 0世纪初开始 ,清朝教育制度发生了极大变化 ,出现了近代教育的萌芽。在这样一个大环境下 ,蒙古族近代学校教育的艰苦实践和探索也走上新的道路。蒙古族学堂教育是新教育思想的产物 ,虽然同旧的官学有一定的继承关系 ,但它打破封闭的传统教育 ,提倡开放的近代教育 ,由此教育种类和等级开始多样化、多层次化 ,出现普通教育、留学生教育和内地求学等形式。在学堂教育中 ,各种语言教育模式是同时并存的 ,这些模式经过分化和重组后 ,出现向汉语和蒙古语两个单语教育模式或蒙古语汉语双语教育模式集中的倾向。

School Education and Language Education of Mongol Nationality in Qing Dynasty

At the beginning of 20 th ,the educational system of Qing dynasty have taken change heavily,and appeared the rudiments of Modern education.In such circumstances,after undergoing practice and probe,the Modern education of Mongol nationality also began to have the new road.School education of Mongol nationality is a result of new educational thought.It had some inheriting relation with old governmental school,but it broke down the block of traditional education and advocated the opening of Modern education.Later,educational kinds and grade became diversified:ordinary education,education of student studying abroad,and seeking knowledge in hinterland and so on.In the school education,educational model of all kinds of languages coexisted.After splitting and re\|associating,above models had such inclinations:concentrating to Han language and Mongol language lonely or bilingual models of Mongol language and Han language.