元代西藏地方政教关系变革新论

西藏自13世纪中期被正式纳入元帝国版图,元朝中央对西藏地方实施了有效的治理和管辖,设置宣政院机构并以帝师兼领院事;在西藏地方设置乌斯藏纳里速古鲁孙等三路宣慰使司都元帅府;封授有实力的地方实力集团为万户等。元朝对西藏地方的直接治理和萨迦派为首的藏传佛教上层在元朝扶植下的政教合一形式的统治对其后700年的西藏乃至整个藏族地区的历史发展产生了深远的影响。元朝中央对西藏的管理形式也成为明清两代中央王朝统治西藏的滥觞。

A New Probe to the Relationship Development of Politics and Religion in Tibet in Yuan Dynasty

Since mid-13+{th} century when Tibet was formally proclaimed to be a part of Yuan dynasty,the central government of Yuan conducted a series of method of administration,such as establishing special institution for managing Tibetan affairs and making the teacher of the emperor the head of the institution,setting up comprehensive institution (with military and civil right) specially for governing Tibet as well as granting those strong local groups as the "marquis" of over ten thousand households and so on.Meanwhile the central government helped the vkhon family to be the core of local force among Sa-skyas in Sa-skya area and made them the attorney of Yuan Dynasty in Tibet.The rule of Yuan Dynasty together with the Tibetan Buddhism of attorney produced a profound influence throughout the whole Tibet region.And the administrative model over Tibet of Yuan Dynasty had taken over by the later Ming and Qing Dynasty for the governing of Tibet.