林农经济林经营效率及其影响因素分析——以赣南原中央苏区为例

以赣南原中央苏区13个县(市)200个林农为样本,首先运用DEA方法对经济林经营效率进行测算,结果显示:林农经济林经营综合效率偏低,技术效率不高,规模效率较低,94%的DEA处于无效的样本均呈规模报酬递增趋势,适度扩大规模将会增加效率;然后运用Tobit回归模型实证分析经济林经营效率的关键性影响因素,实证结果表明:经济林年均支出、经营管理、市场销售、是否接受过经济林技术培训对经营效率有正向影响,林地块数对经营效率有负向影响,而性别、年龄、受教育程度、务农人数占家庭人口的比重及是否加入林业合作社对经营效率影响不显著。基于上述分析,提出以下对策建议:引导适度规模经营,提高规模经营效益;加快林权配套改革步伐,提高林地资金投入水平;科学规划重组林地,降低林地细碎程度;转变经营管理观念,提升集约经营水平;实施产供销贸一体,促进营销渠道畅通,对提高赣南苏区林农经济林经营效率具有一定的实际指导价值。

Efficiency and Factors Influencing Forest Farmers’ Operated Economic Forest:A Case Study of Gannan Central Soviet Area

The article took as samples 200 forest farmers in 13 counties （cities） of Gannan Former Central Soviet Area. Firstly, it measured the economic forest operational efficiency with DEA method and concluded that：Economic forest operational comprehensive efficiency was low;technical efficiency was not high;and scale efficiency was low too with ninety-four percent of invalid DEA forest farmers mostly presenting increasing re- turns to scale trend;and operational efficiency would be increased if operational scale was expanded moderately.Secondly ,Tobit regression model was used to empirically analyze the key factors which affected economic forest operational efficiency which led to the following findings.Annual expenses on economic forest ,operation management, market sales, and relevant technical trainings had a positive effect on operational efficiency while woodland blocks had a negative effect. However, gender, age, education degree, the proportion of members engaged in farming to household population, and the factor of whether forest farmers joined in the forestry cooperation organization or not did not have a significant effect on operational efficiency. Finally, some suggestions were put forward as follows：The moderate scale operation should be guided to achieve scale operational efficiency; Forest tenure supporting reform should be accelerated to improve farmers＇ woodland investment; wood- land should be scientifically planned and recombined to reduce woodland fragme operational management concepts should be changed to improve economic forest ntation degree ; forest farmers＇ intensive operational level; economic forests＇production, supply, market sales, and trade integration should be implemented to improve the channels of marketing sales.These would offer forest farmers practical guidance in raising economic forest oper- ational efficiency in Gannan Central Soviet Area.