我国南珠产业的困境及其治理研究

在我国具有悠久历史的南珠产业,因环境和效益的双重制约而不得不面对能否继续存在的困境.这并非偶然,而是政府、市场和社区同时失灵的一种必然结果,其根源在于缺乏合理的产业政策和管理框架.南珠产业要实现可持续发展,公共政策当有所作为.其主要任务是根除“公地悲剧”和“劣币驱逐良币”等问题的制度性诱因,引导产业实现从规模粗放扩张向精品集约发展的转变.当务之急是:明确南珠产业发展目标,建立产业保护区,开展海域利用空间规划,修正现行海域利用规则,加强珍珠市场监管,培育行业自我组织和管理能力,创设珍珠养殖风险基金.

A study on the Dilemma of China’s South Pearl Industry and Its Governance

China’s south pearl industry has a long history,but now faces a dilemma about whether it can survive because of environment and benefits.This is an inevitable result that government,market and community fail.The root cause is lack of rational industry policy and management frame.Public policy must work to ensure the sustainable development of the industry: its main task is to eliminate thoroughly institutional problems such as "tragedy of the commons" and "bad money drives out good",and to guide the industry to optimize and upgrade itself from extensive scale expansion to intensive development.The most important thing is to establish a clear objective in the industry development,build industry protection area,develop sea space utilization plans,revise the current utilization regulations,strengthen supervision over pearl market,foster the ability of industry’s self-organization and self-management,and set up a risk fund for pear cultivation.