有关北极渔业资源养护与管理的法律问题分析

气候变暖将提高北极海域的初级生产力,影响北极海域鱼类资源的洄游与分布,促使北极海域渔业生产商业化。在北极海域还没有一个全面的区域渔业协定及其组织的情况下,根据《联合国海洋法公约》和《联合国鱼类种群协定》,北极海域各沿海国和对北极公海渔业资源有兴趣的非北极国家有义务进行合作,养护和管理北极鱼类资源。北极理事会及其他区域渔业管理组织的管理实践使北极渔业管理前景存在不确定性。理论上,我国与北极渔业之间仅受《联合国海洋法公约》调整。鉴于北大西洋海域区域渔业管理实践以及我国远洋渔业生产能力,北极海域中北太平洋的分区域以及北冰洋海域应该是我国关注的重点。为此,建议北极科学考察中增加北极生物资源调查与研究,既可以为我国日后发展北极渔业做好准备,也可以为我国参与北极事务提供新的理由,增大我国在北极事务管理过程中的声音和影响力。

Legal Issues about Conservation and Management of Arctic Fishery Resources

Global warming will improve the primary productivity in Arctic marine areas,affect migration and distribution of Arctic fish stocks,and make Arctic commercial fishing possible in the near future.Given the fact that there is not a comprehensive regional fishery convention and coordinating management organization in Arctic marine areas,and in light of requirements of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea（UNCLOS） and United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement,the Arctic states and non-Arctic states with an interest in Arctic fishery resources are liable to cooperate in order to conserve and manage these Arctic fisheries resources.Recent change in the attitude of Arctic Council and divergences in mandates of several regional fishery management organizations make complicated the prospect of Arctic fishery management.Theoretically,only UNCLOS can be applicable to the relation of China to Arctic fisheries.It is deemed that the North Pacific portion of Arctic marine areas and Arctic Ocean should be the potential alternatives for China＇s fishery industries,in terms of regional fishery management practices in the North Atlantic Ocean and the capability of China＇s fishing fleet.Therefore,it is suggested that investigation and research on Arctic marine resources be included in China＇s Arctic scientific investigation.Such scientific inputs in Arctic fisheries will pave a way for China＇s commercial fishing in the Arctic and offer another ground for China＇s involvement in the Arctic affairs,and having a voice and influence in the Arctic governance.