研究型大学R&D经费的中美比较与启示

研究型大学R&D活动在创新型国家建设中发挥着重要作用，而研发经费是开展R&D活动的基本保障。以中美各3所知名研究型大学为案例，从R&D经费的规模、来源、增长率、支出结构等方面进行比较分析，发现我国政府虽加大了对研究型大学R&D经费的投入，但总体投入仍不足；来源渠道需要进一步拓展，R&D经费支出结构有待优化。建议政府对研究型大学R&D经费的投入要保持适度、稳定增长；加强政产学研的实际性战略联盟，拓宽R&D经费来源渠道；加强基础研究，重视试验研究，提高R&D经费的使用效率。

Comparison and Enlightenment of Research Universities' R&D Funds between China and the United States:2008~2017

R&D activities in research universities play an important role in the construction of innovative country, and R&D funds are the basic guarantee for R&D activities. Taking three well-known research universities in China and the United States as examples respectively, this paper analyses the scale, source, growth rate and expenditure structure of R&D funds, and finds that Chinese Government has increased the investment in R&D funds of research universities, but the overall investment is still insufficient; the sources of R&D funds need to be further expanded, and the expenditure structure of R&D funds needs to be further optimized. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should maintain a moderate and stable growth in R&D expenditure for research universities; strengthen the practical strategic alliance between government, industry and university in order to broaden the sources of R&D expenditure; strengthen basic research, pay attention to experimental research, and improve the efficiency of R&D expenditure.