比例原则在密切接触者隔离规则中的适用——以新冠疫情防控为例

在新冠肺炎疫情防控中，依法对密切接触者实施隔离措施是切断病毒传播途径、保障公民健康安全的重要举措。比例原则作为平衡公权力与私权利的帝王法则，具有合理确定传染病防控措施级别、引导和规制行政应急权形式、多维度完善公民权利保护机制的重要意义。鉴于当前新冠肺炎疫情防控中存在的密切接触者范围界定失序、“指定场所”规制不清、强制措施程序与程度不明等适用困境，应按照比例原则，在制定隔离规范时遵循正当性、适当性、必要性和均衡性原则。通过适用比例原则，可以清晰界定密切接触者、“指定场所”等概念，有利于国家公权力与个人私权利、密切接触者个人权益与社会公众利益的平衡协调。

The Application of the Principle of Proportionality in the Isolation Rules of Close Contacts in COVID–19 Prevention and Control

In COVID–19 epidemic prevention and control, isolation of close contacts in accordance with the law is an important measure to cut off the transmission of the virus and ensure the health and safety of the citizens. Balancing public power and private rights, the principle of proportionality plays a significant role in determining the level of infectious disease prevention and control measures, guiding and regulating the form of administrative emergency power, and in improving the mechanism of civil right protection in multiple dimensions. Through the analysis of problems in the application of the principle of proportionality, such as the over-expansion of the scope of close contacts, the disorder of "designated place", the unclear procedure and degree of compulsory measures, we conclude that the principle of proportionality should be followed in the application of isolation norms to clarify the inherent logic of legitimacy, appropriateness, necessity and balance. Applying the principle of proportionality in clarifying the boundaries of close contacts and in defining the "designated places" contributes to the balance between state power and individual rights, and balance between private rights of close contacts and public interests.