论我国油气资源开发的水土保持生态补偿制度

油气资源开发过程扰动资源开采地的原始地质地貌和水文情况，成为影响油气产区生态环境的主要因素之一。当前，我国油气资源开发水土保持生态补偿制度存在着法律体系不健全、补偿主体界定不清、补偿客体未统一、补偿标准有局限、补偿资金来源渠道受限等问题。为此，可以通过完善油气资源开发水土保持生态补偿法律制度体系、从补偿给付主体和补偿接受主体以及补偿实施主体三方面明确补偿主体、确认补偿客体为水土环境生态利益、依据油田永久占地和临时占地面积折损的水土保持生态服务功能价值计算补偿标准、拓宽补偿途径等措施，进一步优化我国的油气资源开发水土保持生态补偿制度。

Ecological Compensation System for Soil and Water Conservation in the Exploitation of Oil and Gas Resources in China

The disturbance of the original geology， geomorphology and hydrology in the area of oil and gas exploitation has become one of the main factors affecting the ecological environment of oil and gas exploitation areas. The ecological compensation system for soil and water conservation during oil and gas resource exploitation is faced with multiple limitations in its actual practice， which include imperfect legal system， unprecise definition of compensation subject and object， unclear standard of compensation and limited approaches of compensation. We suggest optimizing the ecological compensation system for soil and water conservation during exploitation of oil and gas resources by improving relevant laws and regulations， determining compensation subject in terms of compensation payment， compensation acceptance and compensation implementation， defining ecological benefit of soil and water environment as the object of compensation， calculating compensation standard according to the ecological service function value of soil and water conservation damaged by permanent and temporary expropriation of land， and by diversifying approaches of compensation.