难体文三说——以司马相如《难蜀父老》为例

历代文体论著对司马相如《难蜀父老》的文体性质说法不一。从文体结构分析，《难蜀父老》与檄、移、对问、问对等文体不同，当自成一类。萧统《文选》单独设立难体，当是。辩难之风盛行是《难蜀父老》产生的文化土壤，战国秦汉间辩难环境的变化，直接影响了难体文的发生、发展、衰落与转型。《文选》“难”类舍《韩非子》四篇《难》和一篇《难势》而仅录《难蜀父老》，并非舍早录晚、舍源头录支流，其原因与萧统舍章体而录篇体、舍立意而录翰藻、尊儒学而重教化的选文标准有关。《难蜀父老》独立成篇、文辞考究、注重教化，因此成为《文选》难体文的典范。

An Analysis of Argumentative Articles of the “Nan” Class——A Case Study of Sima Xiangru's Nan Shu Fu Lao

Stylistic books in Chinese history define the style of Nan Shu Fu Lao by Sima Xiangru differently. In terms of the stylistic structure, the style of Nan Shu Fu Lao is different from that of the argumentative articles of the classes of "Xi", "Yi", "Wendui" and "Duiwen".Wenxuan(Anthology) defined this type of argumentative articles as the "Nan" article. The atmosphere of debate is the cultural soil of Nan Shu Fu Lao. The changes in debate enaironhcent during the Warring States, Qin,and Han dynasties directly influenced the occurrence,development,decline and transformation of the "Nan" articles.Nan Shu Fu Lao was only "Nan" article selected in Wenxuan (Anthology) instead of the 4 articles of the same kind from Han Feizi. This selection was made on the basis of Xiao Tong's standard that prefers complete articles to chapters, flowery language to content, and advocates Confucianism and teaching. Therefore, Nan Shu Fu Lao makes an appropriate model of "Nan" article as it is a complete argumentative with elegance and with instructional function.