汉代的《古文尚书》学

秦始皇焚书时孔氏在屋壁中收藏的《尚书》等古籍,有人说是用"先秦大篆"写成的。这种说法不够准确。孔壁古文的字体结构与先秦大篆不同,而与商周金文相似。汉魏官府所藏《尚书》的各种版本,毁于西晋永嘉之乱。东晋梅赜所献《孔传古文尚书》,已被明清学者认定为伪书。若往前追溯,借《尚书》作伪之事,早在汉代已发其端,当时的古文学家已为辨伪工作开辟了道路。他们对《古文尚书》的研究,考校诸本同异,阐释篇章大义,侧重文字训诂,有很高的学术价值。

Studies of Shangshu in Classical Chinese in the Han Dynasty

It is said that when the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty burned books and buried the literati in pits,the ancient books such as Shangshu stored in the wall of Confucius' mansion were written in the style of dazhuan of the pre-Qin Dynasty.But it is not accurate.The character structures in the wall is different from those of dazhuan of the pre-Qin Dynasty,but similar to those of the characters inscribed in the bronze vessels of Shang and Zhou dynasties.The editions of Shangshu stored by the government of Han and Wei Dynasties were all destroyed in the Yongjia Revolt in the West Jin Dynasty.And Shangshu in Ancient Chinese Characters annotated by Kong Anguo presented by Mei Ze in the East Jin Dynasty has been proved to be forged.In fact forged copies of Shangshu can be traced back to the Han Dynasty,when the scholars in ancient Chinese prose already opened up the path in distinguishing between truth and falsehood.Their research into Shangshu in Ancient Chinese Character is of great academic value,covering the textual research and the check on different editions,expounding the discourse and the explaining of the characters and words.