南宋中后期诗词干谒现象探析

自唐代以来，干谒便成为中国传统交情世态中的常见行为。继唐代的盛行之后，诗词干谒在宋代逐渐衰落。及至南宋中后期，江湖游士的干谒活动再次引起了世人的关注。与唐人相比，江湖游士的诗词干谒行为呈现出新的面貌：干谒目的从科举仕途转变为钱财谋生；干谒对象不再局限于权贵名流，而是覆盖到整个士大夫阶层；干谒者的心态逐渐由原来的骄傲自信变得谦卑压抑，世人对于干谒行为也给予了不少批评指责。受到科举制度的变化、政治高压与朋党之恶、诗歌地位的变化、礼遇士人的传统等因素影响，南宋中后期的干谒之风兴起，彰显了底层士人的生存状态以及当时独特的权力制约与文化氛围。

Study on the Phenomenon of Chinese Poems Ganye in the Mid to Late Period of Southern Song Dynasty

Since the Tang Dynasty, Ganye has become common in Chinese traditional intercourse. After the prevailing in the Tang Dynasty, poems Ganye gradually declined in the Song Dynasty. Until the mid to late period of Southern Song Dynasty, Ganye activities of the Jiang-hu poets attracted popular attention once again. Compared with Tang Dynasty, their activities took on new aspects. The purpose of Ganye was changed from passing the imperial examination to making money. The object of Ganye was no longer confined to dignitaries, but covered the entire intelligentsia. The mentality of Ganye was gradually changed from the original pride to depression. In addition, Ganye activities has taken a lot of criticism. By the change of the imperial examination system, the political pressure and political evil, the change of poetry status, and the influence of traditional literati courtesy, Ganye upsurged in the mid to late period of Southern Song Dynasty, revealing the existence appearance of scholars in the bottom, as well as the existence of unique power restriction and cultural atmosphere.