目的论证成与自生证成——大卫·施密茨证成国家的两种方式

一般意义上讲，证成国家的理论是针对无政府主义者对国家的反对，证明国家的存在是审慎理性的，道德上可接受的。大卫·施密茨（David Schmidtz）在其文章“证成国家”中给出了证成国家的两种方式，即目的论的证成与自生证成，前者在于说明国家的存在是有益的，并优于无政府状态，而后者在于说明国家的产生过程没有侵犯道德边界。

Teleological Justification and Emergent Justification: Two Ways of Justifying the States Summarized by David Schmidtz

Generally speaking,the theory of justifying the state is against the anarchist who opposes any state,and prove that the existence of the states is prudentially rational and morally acceptable.David Schmidtz gave us two approaches of justifying the state in his paper "Justifying the State",namely teleological justification and emergent justification,the former rests with contending that the existence of the states is beneficial,and the states precede anarchy,the latter rests with contending that the processe...