侵权法中的作为义务探究

国外立法例对侵权法中作为义务的规制模式不尽相同,中国台湾地区和大陆地区理论界对作为义务的研究在结合中国司法实践方面略显不足。对于侵权法中作为义务的探究,应当将国外立法例、中国理论界的研究成果与司法实践情况结合起来。中国侵权法中作为义务的设计应当遵循如下思路:无须在一般条款中明确作为义务;合同约定不应成为侵权法中作为义务的来源;不应当规定一般救助义务;作为义务来源应当具有层级性,且该层级性应当以重塑安全保障义务为中心。

Research on the Duty to Act in Tort Law

There are many differences on the regulating model about the duty to act in tort law among foreign legislations.It shows some shortages in the research on this subject in Taiwan and the mainland from the perspective of combining the theoretical research with the judicial practice.In order to make a thorough research,we should combine the foreign legislations,theoretical research and the judicial practice.Some guidelines should be followed in the process of constructing the duty to act in tort law: it is unnecessary to stipulate the duty to act explicitly in the general provision of tort law;contract should not be a resource of duty to act in tort law;the general rescue obligation should not be accepted by the tort law;the resource of duty to act must be a hierarchical model which puts its focus on remodelling of the duty of safety protection.