阿尔都塞在何种意义上保卫马克思--《保卫马克思》问题反思

青年马克思和马克思主义的关系问题，是早期西方马克思主义争论的核心议题。阿尔都塞以保卫马克思的立场对这一问题作出了系统回答。他通过认识论断裂和总问题的思想，把马克思思想分为两个根本对立的阶段，即作为意识形态的青年马克思思想和作为科学的成熟马克思思想。青年马克思的总问题是人道主义，马克思通过对人道主义总问题的彻底抛弃、采用新的总问题产生出科学理论。由于科学和意识形态绝对对立，他反对青年时期的马克思属于马克思主义，认为马克思主义本质上是理论反人道主义。从保卫马克思的角度来看，他实则只是极端地保卫了马克思思想的科学性，因此，他在形式上胜利的同时也不得不面临着实质的失败。

Althusser in What Meaning Defend for Marx:Reflections on Problems of For Marx

The relationship between the Young Marx and Marxism is the core issue of the early Western Marxism .In order to defend for Marx , Althusser answered systematically in theory to this question .He divided Marx ’ s thought in-to two fundamentally opposite stages in terms of “epistemological break” and“problematic”, which is the young Marx as ideology and the mature Marx as science .Humanism, as the problematic of the young Marx , was totally abandoned and then replaced with new problematic by Marx , who therefore produced a scientific theory .Based on the idea that science and ideology were in absolute opposition , he opposed the view that the young Marx belongs to Marxism , and insisted that the essence of Marxism was theoretical anti-humanism.From the angle of defending for Marx , he just ex-tremely defended for the scientific nature of Marxism , although wined in form , ultimately failed in substance .