德国医保筹资制度的改革路径分析--基于人口老龄化和家庭政策视角

德国现行社会医疗保险资金筹集制度在老龄化和人口数量不断下降的压力下亟需改革，单一的社会医疗保险模式、按人头计算保险费用模式、按风险程度支付保险费用模式是德国当前三种主要的改革路径选择，其改革的核心是目前家庭共同保险制度框架下的少年儿童和不工作的配偶是否继续仍然不用缴纳保费而享有保险。改革的目的是把目前的法定医疗保险与私人医疗保险并存的双轨制转变为社会医疗保险单轨制，并在结合其他配套措施的基础上由传统社会福利国家转向现代社会保险国家。

Reform Path of German Health Insurance Financing System:Based on the Aging Population and Family Policy Perspectives

Under the pressure of aging and declining population , the current social health insurance financing system in German needs reform .Introducing a single social health insurance , calculating premiums by heads , paig insurance fee according to the degree of risk are three major reform paths for German .The core of the reform is whether children and spouse who does not work still do not pay premiums and enjoy the insurance under the framework of the co-insurance system.The purpose of the reform is to change the dual track system of statutory medical insurance and private medical insurance to the monorail system of insurance of social medical treatment , and in combination with other supporting measures to convert the traditional social welfare state to modern social insurance state .