群聚方式与晚清文学主体身份的变革

古代文人大多聚集在某一政治集团或文化集团周围，他们的生存方式徘徊在“独善”和“兼济”之间，始终是一种静态的、以“中和”为美学特征的生存体验。晚清文人依靠新兴的大众传媒和社团学会而群聚，以一种“无根”的精神状态漂浮在现代都市，形成了一种动态的、以“焦虑”为美学特征的现代性体验。群聚方式的改变直接促使晚清文学主体的身份从传统士大夫转变为现代知识分子。

Grouping Mode and the Transformation of Literary Subject Identity in Late Qing Dynasty

In ancient time, most intellectuals often gathered in some political groups or some cultural groups. Their lifestyle wandered between the senses of ＂self cultivation＂ and ＂public participation＂, and was always a static survival experience featured with the aesthetics of ＂appropriateness and harmoniousness＂. While, in Late Qing Dynasty, the intellectuals gathered by means of emerging mass media, societies and organizations, floating in modern cities with rootless psychosis, so formed a dynamic modern experience featured with aesthetics of anxiety. The change of grouping mode directly pushed the transformation of literary subject identity from traditional scholar bureaucrat to modem intellectual in Late Qing Dynasty.