产业协同集聚的资源错配效应研究

利用2003－2016年中国280个地级市的数据，分别测算了产业协同集聚指数、资本错配和劳动力错配指数，采用差分GMM方法考察产业协同集聚对资源错配的影响。结果发现：产业协同集聚的提高，会显著降低资本错配和劳动力错配指数；分地区的回归发现，东部地区产业协同集聚改善了资本错配，对劳动力错配负向作用不显著，中部地区产业协同集聚会改善资本错配，但会恶化劳动力错配，西部地区产业协同集聚则加剧了资本错配，但可以缓解劳动力错配情况。进一步作用机制分析表明，产业协同集聚水平的提高，会显著提高金融业的专业化分工，进而改善资本错配，同时会提高劳动力成本，改善劳动力错配。文章的政策含义是通过产业协同集聚，可以提高金融业的专业化分工和劳动力成本，进而缓解资本和劳动力的错配，提高经济效率，促进经济增长。

Research on Resource Misallocation Effect of Industraial Co-agglomeration

Based on panel data from 280 cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this paper calculates the agglomeration index of industry synergy and indexes of the capital and labor misalignments respectively, and observes the impact of agglomeration of industry synergy on the misalignment of resources by the DIF-GMM method. It is found that the improvement of agglomeration of industry synergy can reduce the indexes of capital and labor misalignments. Based on the regressions by the regions, the agglomeration of industry synergy in the east part of China improves the index of capital misalignment but has no significant negative effect on the index of labor misalignment, while the agglomeration improving the capital but worsening the labor misalignment in the middle part, and exacerbating the capital misalignment and alleviating the labor misalignment in the western part of China. Further interactive studies show that the improvement of agglomeration of industry synergy can significantly get the specialized division of financial industry better for improving the capital misalignment, while at the same time raising the labor cost for improving the labor misalignment. It implies for the policy makers that it can improve the specialized division of labor and raise the labor cost in the financial industry through agglomeration of industry synergy, and furthermore lessen the capital and labor misalignment and promote economic efficiency and growth.