最低工资政策的城镇家庭收入分配效应研究

家庭在福利分析中具有重要地位,但家庭收入如何受最低工资政策影响却很少得到关注。本文采用2005-2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,利用多时期双重差分和再中心化影响函数回归方法实证考察了最低工资政策对我国城镇家庭收入及其分布的影响。研究发现:①最低工资标准上涨显著提升了处于贫困标准1~2倍家庭的收入水平,对贫困标准以下或高于贫困标准2倍以上的家庭收入没有影响;②最低工资标准提升可有效减缓城镇家庭收入不平等,尤其对家庭收入分布较低分位部分的不平等程度有明显改善;③最低工资政策对家庭收入的最终影响取决于工资溢出效应和就业挤出效应的比较,且其对不同收入等级家庭中成员的收入和就业影响存在明显的异质性。政府在制定最低工资政策时,应针对低收入女性劳动力出台相应的配套措施,以保证各类低收入家庭均能从最低工资标准提升中受益。

Research on Household Income Distribution Effect ofMinimum Wage Policy in Urban China

Household plays an important role in welfare analysis, but how household income is affected by the minimum wage policy has received little attention. This paper uses Chinese General Social Survey data conducted in 2005-2015 and multi-period difference-in-difference and recentered influence function regression methods, empirically examines the effect of minimum wage policy on urban household income and the distribution. It is found that: ① Increasing the minimum wage has significantly improved the income of households with 1~2 times of the poverty standard, but has no effect on the income of households below the poverty standard or above more than 2 times of the poverty standard. ② Minimum wage increase can effectively compress the family income distribution and reduce the inequality, especially in the lower part of family income distribution. ③ The final impact of minimum wage policy on household income depends on the comparison of wage spillover effect and employment reducing effect, and the impacts have significant heterogeneity on the income and employment of members in the households at different income levels. When formulating the minimum wage policy, the government should introduce corresponding supporting measures for low-income female labor to ensure that all low-income households can benefit from the improvement of minimum wage.