基于符号互动论视角下的个体生育态度探究

近年来随着人口老龄化进程的明显加快，以及不同地区、城市出现的生育率持续走低等情况，中国未来人口数量的变化成为了一个十分重要的议题。近年来，国家先后制定了“双独生二胎”、“单独生二胎”以及全面放开二胎等鼓励民众生育的相关政策；相关学者也从人口学和经济学等视角对生育问题展开了诸多研究。本研究则是从符号互动论这一微观社会学视角出发，试图了解民众（主要集中在1970年至1995年出生的群体）生育态度是否会受到社会心理因素，尤其是从小生长的家庭环境中，兄弟姊妹等手足人数、手足关系、父母对待子女公平与否和出生排行的影响；以及当前生活环境，如社会治安状况、经济发展前景和政治稳定性等方面的主观判断对生育态度的影响；最后研究还将结婚意愿、性别等因素纳入到影响个体生育态度的分析模型之中。研究结果发现，兄弟姊妹等手足越多者，未来越倾向要生孩子；手足间关系越好者，未来也越倾向于要生孩子；排行中间的比排行老大的生孩子意愿高；无论父母对自己和手足公平情况怎样，都不会影响其生育态度。此外在所有外在环境中，经济状况是影响人们生育态度的主要因素，有结婚意愿者更倾向于生育孩子，男性也显著比女性更倾向于生育孩子。

A Study of Individual Fertility Attitude based In the Perspective of Symbolic Interaction Theory

As the significantly accelerating population aging and the continued low fertility rate in China , the future population change has become an important public issue and Chines government has modified their rigescent single-child population policy. This study, from the micro-sociological perspective of symbolic interaction theory, tries to explore the impacts of social and psychological factor on people's fertility willing (mainly born in 1970 to 1995 population) , such as the family environment to grow up including the number of brothers and sisters,brotherhood relationship, fairness to children by parents,the ranking of children,and the living environment including social safety, economic development perspectives, political stability as well as the personal characteristics including marriage willing, gender etc. The findings show that the intention to have more children is effected by the family factors including more brothers and sisters , better relation among the bothers ans sisters, the middle ranking of parents among their brothers ans sisters, while the fairness of parents to kids has no impacts on children's fertility intention. Economic status is the main factors affecting fertility intention among the living environment factors. Considering personal characteristics, the people with strong marriage willing and male tend to have more children.