中国应确立相对独立的劳动诉讼制度——以实现劳动司法的公正和效率为目标

中国现行劳动诉讼制度存在的主要缺陷是欠缺应有的独立性,具体表现为诉讼程序启动欠缺独立性,裁判机构欠缺独立性,诉讼程序欠缺独立性。独立性缺失的恶果是劳动仲裁与诉讼受案范围不清;劳动争议当事人诉讼选择受限;劳动纠纷处理时间过长;劳动诉讼忽视调解的重要作用;审判人员构成背离"三方协调性"和"智识专业性"。中国劳动诉讼改革的制度取向应是构建相对独立的劳动诉讼制度。其基本制度内涵是"或裁或审",劳动诉讼独立于仲裁;在普通法院内部设立劳动审判庭;在我国正在制定的《劳动争议处理法》中确立劳动诉讼特别程序。在劳动诉讼特别程序中,要适当缩短审限;确立相对诉讼时效;突出调解的地位;规定小额诉讼程序。

Establishing Relatively Independent Labor Lawsuit System in China:The Impartiality and Efficiency of Labor Judicature

A main flaw in China's present labor suit system is lack of independence,particularly in the start-up of legal procedure,the referee organization and the legal procedure.The lack of independences is that the labor arbitration and lawsuit is unclear in the scope of accepting the case,the parties in the labor dispute are limited in lawsuit choice,the time of labor dispute process is too long and the labor lawsuit neglects the affect importantly of mediation.The labor lawsuit reform in China should establish a relatively independent labor lawsuit system whose basic content is "arbitration or trial".Labor lawsuit is independent in arbitration,sets up labor trial court in ordinary counts,establishes the labor lawsuit special procedure in formulating Labor Dispute Processing Law in China.In this procedure,it should reduce the trial time suitably,establish the relative limitation of action,promote mediation first,prescribe the small-claims procedure.