对孟子“夭寿不贰”句之解读--以海德格尔《存在与时间》中的生存论思想为参照

孟子云“夭寿不贰，修身以俟之，所以立命也”，其中包含着“夭寿（生死）与命之间的关系”以及“修身立命”这两方面的问题。海德格尔《存在与时间》在时间的视域下，将此在解读为“向死而在”，与言说“生生之大德”的儒者形成一种互补关系。命定的偶然性（个体的人必然有具体的实质限定）、必死性（有限个体必有其死）和使命义（人禀受善性而有道德使命）这三者构成了《孟子》中的“命”义。孟子反求诸己，追求人的本然善性和生之尊严；海德格尔则认为面对死亡的决断，是个体成为本真存在的关键，而儒者的生活方式可视作本真存在的一种可能性。

The interpretation of Mencius’ s idea of long life and early death without difference---compare with Heidegger’s theory of existence in Being and Time

Mencius said that long life and early death were not different, the men who keep self-cultivation will build right desti-ny.There are two meanings, the relationship between living-death and destiny, and self-cultivation and destiny-building.Con-cerning above two questions, there exists complementary relationship between Heidegger and Confucian.Mencius’ s idea of destiny means occationality, mortality and moral command.Mencius paid great attention to virtues and living, whereas Heidegger attached more importance to being-towards-death.