当代中国法律体系形成过程中的权利观变迁及其启示

从权利观念变迁的视角出发,当代中国法律体系的形成过程可以划分为两个阶段,第一个是工具性权利观阶段,第二个是个体化权利观阶段,而个体化权利观阶段又可以被划分为意志论的权利观阶段和利益论的权利观阶段。不同的权利观反映了其所属阶段的社会生活状态,并将这种状态通过权利话语表达在法律体系中。权利观变迁的背后是在形塑主体性过程中自我与他者的关系变化,而权利冲突、权利滥用现象的普遍化所表征的利益论权利观的失灵恰恰源自主体在追求利益时对自身的遗忘。发展一种适合我国国情和法治实践的共同体权利观是解决权利冲突、权利滥用问题,完善我国法律体系的可行路径。

The Change of the Power Conception in the Formation of the Contemporary Chinese Legal System and its Inspiration

From the perspective of changes in the power conception,the formation of the contemporary Chinese legal system can be divided into two stages.The first stage is the stage of“the will theory of right”and the second is the stage of“the interest theory of right”.The second stage can be divided into two stages:the stage of power conception and the stage of interest theory.Different power conceptions reflect the state of social life at the stage they belong to,and express this state in a legal system through the power discourse.Behind the change in the power conception is the change in the relationship between the self and the other during the process of shaping the subjectivity.The universalization of rights conflicts and rights abuses prominently manifested in the failure of the theory of interest and the failure of power conception.This failure is precisely due to the subject’s forgetting of itself when pursuing interests.Developing power conception of community that suits our country’s national conditions and the practice of the rule of law is a feasible way to resolve the conflicts of power and the abuse of power,also to improve our country’s legal system.