集体意思决定中个人因果关系的认定

在集体意思决定的过程中，对违法决议的赞成票数远远超过了决议通过的最低门槛，出现了过剩原因并且存在过失的场合，如何对个人进行归因与归责是现实对刑法理论提出的一项重大挑战。在国家机关或企事业单位的决议场合，进行因果关系的假定判断时，应当以实际存在的具体事实为基础，而非把各个成员的态度作划一的理解。对此，应当根据当时讨论、决议的具体情况，考察各个成员的态度实际上对其他人发挥了怎样的作用。而其他团体进行不具有强制力的决议或匿名投票的场合，则可通过共犯原理将每个成员作为教唆或帮助犯处理。

The Cognizance of Causation of Individuals in Group Decision

In the process of a group decision , if the unpremeditated members who agree the illegal resolution dominate the course , then how to blame individual responsibility is a big challenge to the theory of criminal law. In the occasion of government a-gency or enterprise and institution , assumed causality should be judged on the basis of concrete facts, not to make all members’ atti-tudes uniform. Therefore the question that what influence every member causes to others should be observed according to the record of discussion and resolution of that meeting. When it comes to the occasion of secret ballot or unforced resolution of other groups , the a-bove-mentioned problem can be solved by accomplice theory.