民国时期农村土地租佃中的“二东君”——以洞庭湖区为例

民国时期的资料表明,洞庭湖区农村土地租佃关系中常规的地主——佃户模式之外,还存在"地主——二东君——佃户"的特殊模式。二东君多为农村社会地位、经济地位较高,关系广泛者。其在土地租佃中代替佃户交纳押租,负有督促佃户及时纳租等责任,并获取一定报酬。二东君既为土地的出租与承租拓展了空间,丰富了土地租佃制度的内涵,也在一定程度上抑制了高利贷对农民的盘剥范围。但至20世纪三四十年代,由于天灾人祸频仍、农村社会经济恶化以及革命风雨的到来,二东君制度遇到了困难和危机,给土地的出租与承租带来了不便。

STUDIES ON THE "ERDONGJUN" OF RURAL LAND TENURE DURING THE PERIOD OF REPUBLIC OF CHINA Taking Dongting Lake Area as a Case

Data about the Republic of China indicates that there is not only the conventional landlord-tenant mode,but also ＂landlord-erdongjun-tenant＂ special mode in land tenure relation about Dongting Lake area.Erdongjun sometimes are the people who possess of the higher social status,wealthy,the broad relationship.Erdongjun substitute tenants to pay deposit,urge tenants pay rent,timely,and obtain some rewards.Erdongjun expand the space for rental and lease of land,enrich the connotation of land tenancy system,moreover,to a certain extent,inhibit the usurious exploit to the farmer range.But to twentieth Century thirty or forty time,because of frequent natural calamities and man-made misfortunes,rural social and economic deterioration and revolutionary storm coming,Erdongjun system encounter difficulties and crisis,bring on land rental and lease to inconvenience.