欧洲中世纪大学管理模式的特殊性

欧洲中世纪大学的产生有着特殊的政治、经济和文化背景。欧洲中世纪大学的培养目标明显打上了宗教烙印；教学方法主要是讲课和辩论；出现了学位与学位制；组织形式是在中世纪行会组织的影响下形成的：校长的产生不是行政任命，而是由各个学科的学生和民族团的学监一起选举产生，采用了特殊的专业设置——科；早期的中世纪大学，由学生或者教师组成的行会管理学校内部事务。

Peculiar Administrative Patterns of the European Universities in the Middle Ages

The European universities in the Middle Ages engendered in the peculiar background of the politics, economy and culture. The European universities in the Middle Ages had the peculiar administrative patterns： the training aims were marked with religious stigma; the teaching methods were mainly the lecture and debate; the degrees and graduate appeared ; organizational forms were formed under the influence of the medieval guild organizations; the presidents of the universities were elected by the students in various disciplines and the superintendents of the ethnic groups; the special professional set ＂sections＂ were applied; in the early medieval universities, the internal affairs were managed by the guilds composed of the students and teachers.