略论道德概念

道德是社会制定或认可的关于人们具有社会效用的行为应该而非必须如何的非权力规范。由道德价值、道德价值判断和道德规范三因素构成。当且仅当道德价值判断是真理时，才能够制定与道德价值相符的优良道德规范，而避免制定与道德价值不符的恶劣道德规范。道德既具有适用于一定社会的特殊性、相对性，因而存在特殊的、相对的道德，又具有适用于一切社会的普遍性、绝对性，因而存在共同的、绝对的道德。道德就其自身——道德规范——来说，是主观的、以人的意志而转移的；就其基础和根本内容——行为事实——来说是客观的、不以人的意志而转移的：道德规范的正确性或优良性，说到底，取决于是否与行为事实相符。而不以人的意志而转移。

A Rustic Study on Moral Concept

The moral is the nonright regulation of people on the effectiveness of society, which includes three factors： moral values,judgment on moral values and moral social behavior recognized by the regulations. If and only if the value judgments were the truth, it is possible to make good moral regulations conforming to the moral values avoiding the bad moral regulations inconsistent with the moral values. Morals have not only the specificity and relativity applicable to a certain community, but also the popularities and absolutism applying to all the societies. Thus there are not only particular and relative moral, but also universal and absolute moral. The correctness and quality of moral regulations, after all, depends on whether or not it corresponds with the fact, and it doesn＇t transfer with people＇s will.