私法自治、国家义务与社会责任——成年监护制度的立法趋势与中国启示

从“发疯人”到“精神不健全”概念的详细界定,从年龄歧视主义到年龄中立主义的立法回归,从大包大揽到正当程序的合理利用,从禁治产制度到注重意思自由的个案审查机制,成年监护制度的发展历程体现了对私法自治理念的逐步强调.私法自治理念不仅要求成年监护立法区分当事人需求,尊重当事人意愿,还强调成年监护领域适度的国家义务与社会责任.我国成年监护立法的重构需要以立法趋势为背景,贯彻尊重自我决定权理念,增设意定监护制度,加强国家与社会的监护监督义务,注重私立监护、公共监护、社会监护合力的构建.

The Autonomy of the Will,the Obligations of the Country and the Responsibility of the Society——the Trend of Development and the Inspiration of China in the Adult Guardianship Law

From "lunatic" to the "mentally disturbed",from the age discrimination to the age neutralism,from the belly-worship to the rationalization of the procedure,from the interdiction to the case studying mechanism which pays attention to the autonomy of will,the development history of the adult guardianship reflected the emphasis of the idea of the Private Law Autonomy step by step.This idea not only requires the Adult Guardianship Law distinguish the demand and respect the need of the parties,but also stress the measurable national obligation and social responsibility.The reconstitution of our Adult Guardianship Law must be aware of the background of the trend,carry out the logos of the respect of the right of self-determination,set up system of the guardianship by conduct,strengthen the monitoring obligations of country and society,and pay attention to the construction of powers of the guardianship of the private,pubic and society.